F5 and thrombotic disease: Additionally, male sex has been found to be a significant independent predictor of congenital thrombophilia in patients with PE [40], and this was consistent across all groups of hereditary thrombotic disorders, including protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin 3 deficiency, abnormal lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid syndrome, factor V Leiden, and hyperhomocysteinemia [41].