The major neuropathological hallmarks of AD include the extracellular deposition of senile plaques composed of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and the intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) constituted by hyper-phosphorylated twisted filaments of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the hippocampus [6]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.