NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In another prospective analysis of patients with NPM1-mutated intermediate risk AML, Bataller et al. identified favorable outcomes with pre-emptive treatment with high-dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy or azacitidine (with or without subsequent allo-HSCT) for patients with molecular failure, quantified by the persistence of high NPM1 mutant allele ratio or other MRD reappearance [62].