A cohort study of 137 men and 59 women with NSCLC, melanoma, and other tumor types revealed that β-lactam–based antibiotic therapy within 30 days prior to anti- PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs is significantly linked to worse OS and reduced response to treatment with ICIs [141]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.