Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 receptor agonist (ra), IL-2, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1-β (MIP-1b), and Rantes (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted) and anti-inflammatory interleukin 4 IL-4, were found in pSS patients compared to controls. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and peeling skin syndrome.