INS and atherosclerosis: In a recent study, Xin and colleagues demonstrated an association between the progression of atherosclerosis detected by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) and higher incidence of NAFLD, with high risk of liver fibrosis as assessed by NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB-4, whereas they found no association between cIMT and fibrosis [51]; however, the insulin-sensitivity status was not assessed in that study.