EGF and cancer: One of such dysregulated signaling pathways in human cancer is the serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, which could be stimulated by multiple upstream molecules, i.e., insulin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), cytokines, nutrients, etc. [8].