BSG and esophageal cancer: CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily [27], is highly expressed on the surface of various types of cancer cells, including esophageal cancer, where it has been associated with worse survival outcomes and poor prognosis [41]; bladder cancer, where it correlates with cancer cell proliferation [42]; and breast cancer, where CD147 expression is an indication of increased invasive capacities, presence of metastasis and disease recurrence [43].