CP and infection due to clostridium perfringens: The presence of bacteria in the liver plays a significant role in the intestinal health of birds [27], as Clostridium perfringens infection decreases the expression of tight junction proteins [49] and CP toxins promote increased intestinal permeability and consequently advantage bacterial translocation [50] and passage of endotoxins through the intestinal tract mucosa to extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver [51].