It is used for the detection of small DNA mutations (e.g., EGFR mutations), gene fusions (e.g., RNA-based testing for ALK), or DNA methylation analysis using methylation-specific PCR (e.g., MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma or Septin9 gene methylation in CRC). The gene discussed is SEPTIN9; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.