The expression of cellular inflammatory and antiviral markers such as type I (IFNβ-1) and type III (IL-28A) IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (IFIT-1, OAS1, RSAD2), and chemokines (CCL-5, CXCL-8, CXCL-10) was monitored following stimulation with poly(I:C) or WNV infection in the presence of the peptides and compared with that observed after stimulation or infection without peptides, or incubation with peptides alone (Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7). Here, OAS1 is linked to infection.