Traditionally, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients have been treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-α) or its PEGylated form (PEG-IFN-α) alone or in combination with nucleoside analogue ribavirin (RBV), with sustained virological responses in 50–60% of cases [2]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is chronic hepatitis C virus infection.