Gu et al. [99] studied iron oxide nanoparticles to regulate macrophage phenotype toward M1 polarization and down-regulate M2-related arginase 1 (Arg-1) by affecting the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) signaling pathway, in which iron-based MNPs are anti-cancer and inhibit tumor angiogenesis, providing new insights. Here, IRF5 is linked to cancer.