In conclusion, the results achieved so far in animal models and in PCNSL patients suggest that targeted delivery of low amounts of NGR-TNF (or its more homogeneous derivatives) to CD13-positive tumor neovasculature represents a valuable strategy for breaching the BBTB and for enhancing anticancer drug delivery to neoplastic cells in patients with PCNSL. Here, ANPEP is linked to primary central nervous system lymphoma.