BBC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: As shown in Figure 5A, the qPCR analysis showed that adenine and cisplatin significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of p53, p21, PUMA, and PARP (p < 0.01), and the combination of cisplatin and adenine upregulated the mRNA expression of p53, p21, PUMA, and PARP more than cisplatin and adenine alone (p < 0.05) in both HCC cells.