PIK3CA and colorectal carcinoma: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has also been associated with the CRC progression since the binding of its ligand EGF stimulates downstream signaling cascades, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, p53, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-3 signaling pathways [61], which are linked to tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis [62].