TNF and metabolic syndrome: In RCTs with hesperidin supplementation for a period of 1–12 weeks performed in healthy adults as well as individuals with medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome (MetS), or increased cardiovascular risk, decreased levels of CRP tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were found (Table 9).