INS and diabetes mellitus: Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IGR, impaired glucose regulation; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.