Even if it is accepted that bacteria/viruses are not really involved in neuropathology in preterm infants as a primary cause of damage, many inflammatory complications due to hypoxic-ischemic events, and, in the most severe cases, neonatal sepsis and NEC, can present concomitant infections; thus, naturally, the effect of Lf on pathogenic bacteria will also modulate the inflammatory response. Here, LTF is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.