VCAM1 and obesity disorder: In the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., hypertension, obesity, prediabetes, and hypercholesterolemia) occurs endothelial cell activation, which is characterized by the expression of cell surfaces adhesion molecule, such as vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin.