In another study, VD3 induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell differentiation through the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase 1 (nSMase1), which degraded sphingomyelin and increased the ceramide pool in P53-mutant GBM cell lines (GBM U251 and LN18 cells) [25]. This evidence concerns the gene SMPD2 and glioblastoma.