In the present study, AOS intervention was shown to significantly prevent colon shortening, body weight loss, rectal bleeding, and DAI scores, resulting in reduced ileal and colonic damages, low levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and high levels of IL-10 in AOS-treated mice, suggesting that AOS could inhibit DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and ulcerative colitis.