TNF and Obesity: Despite what is known about the metabolic effects of some SCFA types (predominantly acetate) in skeletal muscle [23,24,26,27,28,29,30,31], little is known about their effects on inflammatory mediator production (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, etc.), which is important to characterize since pro-inflammatory mediator production can adversely impact skeletal muscle function in obesity, as reviewed elsewhere [32].