mRNA expression levels of obesity-related genes such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c) have also been found to decrease in cells treated with Kochujang and garlic-added Kochujang compared with those in the control group [32]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.