The Phase III Randomized Analysis of Convection-Enhanced Delivery of IL13-PE38QQR to Survival Endpoint (PRECISE) trial, which investigated interleukin-13 conjugated to cintredekin besudotox (PE38QQR), and also the TransMID (transferrin-CRM107) trial, which investigated a modified diphtheria toxin (CRM107) conjugated to transferrin in patients with relapsed malignant gliomas. This evidence concerns the gene TF and malignant glioma.