GCLM and Parkinson disease: By employing a PD model consisting of SH-SY5Y cells challenged with 6-OHDA drug, Ma et al. demonstrated that the observed 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity were connected to the significant deregulation of the Nrf2 pathway; specifically, 6-OHDA significantly inhibited the expression of Nrf2, along with its downstream products, GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), HO-1, NQO1, and Trx-1, as well as the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt in SH-SY5Y cells [189].