CRP and major depressive disorder: Other double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies have tested probiotics in the treatment of MS with promising results: (1) treatment with L. acidophilus, L. casei, B. bifidum, and L. fermentum for 12 weeks managed to improve general health and scores on the extended disability scale and Beck’s depression, anxiety, and stress scales, as well as beneficially regulate C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde metabolites [101]; (2) this probiotic mix was also shown to downregulate IL-8 and TNFα gene expression in MS patients [102].