Our data also indicates that E. ictaluri EseN modulates pathways involved in immune responses to infection, expression of NF-κβ (c-rel and relB), creb3L4, socs6, and foxo3a transcription factors, that lead to the regulation of pro-inflammatory interleukins production (IL-8, IL-12a, IL-15, IL-6), COX-2 expression, and PGE2 synthesis. The gene discussed is IL15; the disease is infection.