TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Massive systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), etc., also known as cytokine storm [103], contributes to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [104].