TF and breast carcinoma: The mechanisms include (i) the upregulation of transferrin receptors which bind with the transferrin binding iron (ferric iron), (ii) the transportation of ferrous iron into cytosol via divalent metal-ion transporter, which joins the labile iron pool, and (iii) the decreased expression of ferroportin, which is associated with the anaplasia of the cancer tissues with the reduction of metastasis-free survival of patients with breast cancers [19].