IGHE and Alzheimer disease: In a study attempting to identify distinct clusters of moderate-to-severe AD patients based on serum biomarkers such as serum total IgE, allergen specific IgE, and serum mediators (chemokines, epithelial and immunomodulatory cytokines, remodeling biomarkers etc.), Thijs et al. described four different AD clusters representing distinct AD endotypes, thus facilitating a personalized therapeutic approach.