Other factors negatively affecting overall survival included a poor Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS; hazard ratio of 3.18 for survival in patients with KPS ≤ 70 versus ≥80), high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and histological types of prostate cancer other than classical adenocarcinoma [12,14,31,33,39,40]. Here, KLK3 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.