CBLIF and inflammatory bowel disease: [20,21,22] Additionally, patients with a history of anti-TNF therapy failure are less likely to respond to second-line anti-TNF biologics [23,24,25] Moreover, older adults (e.g., ≥65 years) with IBD who were started on anti-TNF (INF or ADA) agents showed a higher treatment-failure rate [26,27].