In addition, with regard to the presence or absence of depressive symptoms, a comparison among the MDD-R, MDD-C and NC groups revealed no significant differences in IL-10, IL-1RA or SOCS1 mRNA (Figure 3B,E,H; p = 0.496, p = 0.189 and p = 0.079, respectively), while SOCS2 mRNA was significantly lower in the MDD-C group than in the NC group (Figure 3K; p = 0.004). The gene discussed is SOCS2; the disease is major depressive disorder.