CCL2 and Hypercholesterolemia: In an ApoE −/− mouse model of atherosclerosis, deprivation of TLR4 receptors resulted in a reduction in atherosclerotic severity, with an associated decrease in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), despite chronic persistent hypercholesterolemia [65].