The apoptotic family members, including Bcl-XL, c-Myc, and Bcl2, are induced in response to nicotine/NNK treatment in NSCLC cells in vitro via α7nAChR-mediated ERK1/2, Raf1 and MAPKs signaling pathways activation, resulting in suppression of apoptosis [86]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.