MAPK3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In vitro, treatment with nicotine causes an induction effect on α7nAChR, along with significant stimulation of p-ERK1/2 cascade, accompanied by promotes the nAChR-mediated production of neurotransmitter noradrenaline in the brain, which enhances β-AR signaling-mediated DNA synthesis of NSCLC cells, resulting in promoted cell proliferation [79].