TP53 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The binding of nicotine to the α7nAChRin vivo/vitro upregulates multiple downstream pathways (e.g., MAPK/ERK, Src, JAK, and STAT) and induces the secretion of growth/angiogenic factors (e.g., EGF and VEGF) in NSCLC cells, and such effect could be mediated by inactivation of p53 expression [9].