Thus, the apparent suppression of a devastating inflammatory reaction, as shown by reduced levels of activated astrocytes and M1 microglial cells with increased M2 microglial cell population in the ischemic stroke brain, appears to be mediated by upregulating anti-inflammatory cascades in the ischemic lesion, and IL-10 and IL-4 are clearly the key modulators of the therapeutic effects induced by NPC-CM. Here, IL4 is linked to ischemic stroke.