CASP3 and breast carcinoma: UA was able to induce autophagy and apoptosis in T47D, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway and leading to the down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 and the up-regulation of glycogen synthase kinase activity, which further stimulated caspase-3 and inhibited cyclin-D1.