TNF and atherosclerosis: AA can act as protective agent for the endothelial barrier in human aortic cells by inhibiting the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, thus stabilizing F-actin and diphospho-MLC and preventing the structural rearrangement of vascular endothelial cadherin and β-catenin [102]; therefore, AA can be potentially used as preventive agent in early atherosclerosis.