Another study focused on the activity of AA on the positive (Smad3) and negative (Smad7) transcription factors involved in the TGF-β1 downstream signaling [55]; AA was used as Smad7 inducer and was associated with naringenin, a Smad3 inhibitor, in order to effectively inhibit tumor growth in murine models of melanoma and lung carcinoma by inducing natural killer (NK) cells. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD7 and lung carcinoma.