TNF and gastritis: Lipid cholesteryl acyl α-glucoside (αCAG) and cholesteryl phosphatidyl α-glucoside (αCPG) are components of H. pylori that bind to MINCLE to induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) in dendritic cells, hence exacerbating gastritis in the host [34].