Early results of two phase I/II trials (NCT02363491 and NCT03337451) with tomaralimab (OPN-305), a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against TLR2, suggest its safety and efficacy profile in HMA-failure and transfusion-dependent LR MDS patients [41,42,62,64]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and myelodysplastic syndrome.