VWF and Disseminated intravascular coagulation: This condition is characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) which demonstrated obvious effects of PM2.5 on the prothrombotic state including evidence of extensive microvascular thrombi, decreased vWF, decreased coagulation factor levels, and prolonged clotting time, which resulted from a combination of the action of many clotting factors and vWF [54].