Further, CATSPER3 gene expression was observed to be decreased in spermatozoa from patients with AZ and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), a condition that includes oligozoospermia (low number of sperm), AZ and teratozoospermia (abnormal sperm shape) [32]. The gene discussed is CATSPER3; the disease is oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.