PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 was the most significant genetic risk factor for steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in NAFLD [17,18].