Insertion mutations occur from time to time, and in humans, exon 20 insertion mutations lead to an increased prevalence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [31]; in the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), intra-exon insertion of an additional 1.9 kb fragment resulted in oculocutaneous albinism [32]; in human neonatal fetuses, we found that FGFR3 insertions resulted in shortened extremities, curved femurs, and narrowed thorax. Here, FGFR3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.