LCN2 and atherosclerosis: Also, as other early prognostic biochemical biomarkers of EVA, CVDs (atherosclerosis and CAD) are being actively studied: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) [14]; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) [14]; fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) [15,16]; syndecan-1 [16]; interleukin 6 (IL-6) [17]; and galectin-3 [18].