C9 and age-related macular degeneration: Other rare C9 variants, such as p.Met45Leu, p.Phe62Ser, and p.Ala529Thr, have been associated with increased C9 expression in AMD patients, though without an increase in lytic activity [140], while other variants such as p.Arg118Trp and p.Thr170Ile have been found to confer risk without elevated C9 levels [140].