In an early study, 13 FH patients free from other cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, overweight, glucose intolerance, high serum TG concentrations) had been compared to a matched group of healthy normocholesterolemic controls to assess their insulin action on carbohydrate and energy expenditure via a 2 h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Here, INS is linked to hypertensive disorder.