The association between plasma testosterone and atherosclerotic risk farctors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia is well-known; the European Male Aging Study of 40–79-year-old men reported a higher BMI, waist circumference, systolic pressure, glucose and insulin levels, and lower TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels in hypogonadal men as compared to eugonadal men [113,114]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.