While the expression of the three miRNAs converging in the TGFβ signalling pathway (hsa-miR-122-5p; hsa-miR-576-3p; hsa-miR-595) was weakly altered in M-MSCs compared to AF-MSCs, they were strongly upregulated in L-MSCs. Here, TGFB1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.