TRAF6 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Indeed, del(5q) induces miR-145 and miR-146a haploinsufficiency, therefore resulting in inappropriate activation of innate immune signaling in MDS HSCs due to overexpression of (1) Toll–interleukin-1 receptor domain–containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), which is important to Myddosome formation, and (2) tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor-6 (TRAF6), a protein adaptor that lies in the TLR-MyD88 pathway [60,61].