CD34 and myelodysplastic syndrome: This strategy has yielded variable results in terms of promoting engraftment of MDS samples: Medyouf et al. showed that co-injection of MDS CD34+ HSPC with their corresponding in vitro–expanded MSCs into the medullary cavity of NSG mice significantly increased reconstitution with human MDS cells compared to transplantation of CD34 alone or co-injection with MSCs from age-matched normal BM [51].